سر مارتین ریز و گروه همکار وی
در بخش اختر شناسی دانشگاه کمریج بر این باورند که آغاز جهان توده ای از مینی
سیاه چاله ها وجود داشته است. آنها باور دارند که اجسام کوچکتر با گذشت زمان بر
روی یکدیگر انباشته شده و سیاه چاله های سنگین تر که ما در مرکز کهکشانها می
بینیم ایجاد کرده اند. مشاهدات کنونی از پس مانده تابش اولیه نشان می دهد که
این توده سیاه چاله هنگامی ایجاد شد که جهان تنها 400 سال سن داشت. و این باعث
شد که ماده اطراف مینی سیاه چاله ها گرمتر شوند.
Early Universe Swarmed
with Mini Black Holes
Summary-
(Apr 15, 2005) Famed astronomer Sir Martin Rees,
and a team of astronomers from Cambridge in UK believe that the
early universe swarmed with miniature black holes. They believe that
these smaller objects formed early and then merged together over
time to create the supermassive black holes that now lurk at the
centres of galaxies. Recent observations of the cosmic microwave
background radiation shows that the Universe warmed up when the it
was 400,000 years old, which could have been because of matter
heating up around these mini black holes.
Full Story-
A research group at Cambridge think that the universe might
once have been packed full of tiny black holes. Dr Martin
Haehnelt, a researcher in the group led by Astronomer Royal
Martin Rees, will present new evidence to support this
controversial idea at the Institute of Physics conference
Physics 2005 in Warwick.
Most cosmologists believe that supermassive black holes grew
up in big galaxies, accumulating mass as time went on. But
Haehnelt says there is increasing evidence for a different
view – that small black holes grew independently and merged
to produce the giants which exist today.
Haehnelt points to evidence from recent studies of the
cosmic microwave background (CMB). This radiation, sometimes
called "the echo of the big bang" has been travelling
unaltered through space since the universe was just 400,000
years old.
At that moment the universe cooled through a critical point,
letting CMB radiation travel freely for the first time – as
though a cosmic fog had lifted. But new evidence shows that
10 to 15 percent of this radiation has been scattered since
then. This indicates a re-warming of the universe which
nobody had expected.
Haehnelt explains that this could indicate an era in which
small black holes were commonplace. "Matter accreting around
a black hole heats up," he explains, "and this heating could
be a sign that small black holes were widespread in the
Universe at that time."
If small black holes merged to form the supermassive variety
found at the centres of galaxies, there could be telltale
evidence. Such a merger begins with two black holes going
into orbit around each other, spiralling ever closer
together.
In the cataclysmic blast of energy when they finally merge,
any asymmetry can send the resulting black hole flying off
into space. "If this happened," says Haehnelt, "we might
find the occasional galaxy with its central supermassive
black hole missing."
The evidence is by no means conclusive. Until it is, the CMB
results will remain a source of heated debate.
Dr Martin Haehnelt is a Reader in Cosmology and Astrophysics
at the Institute of Astronomy in the University of
Cambridge.
