Today, research on nuclear structure far from stability is one of the most exciting frontiers in nuclear physics since such nuclei allow to amplify and isolate particular aspects of nuclear interaction and dynamics. The Radioactive beam EXperiment at ISOLDE (REX-ISOLDE) [1,2,3,4,5] accelerates radioactive ion beams and thus the full variety of beams available at ISOLDE become accessible as accelerated beams for experiments.

REX-ISOLDE uses the method of charge-state breeding to enhance the charge state of the ions before injection into a linear accelerator. The charge multiplication of the radioactive ions allows access to the heavier mass region of the nuclear chart, which cannot be reached by accelerating monocharged ions.

Fig 1. Schematics of the ISOLDE and the post accelerating REX-ISOLDE.

REX makes use of the large variety of radionuclides that have been extracted from the on-line mass separator ISOLDE. The radioactive singly-charged ions from the separators are first accumulated, bunched and cooled in a Penning trap, REXTRAP. The trap stores the ions during the breeding in the subsequent charge breeder. Bunches of ions are then transferred to an electron beam ion source, REXEBIS where the ions are charge bred to a mass-to-charge ratio below 4.5. Finally, the ions are injected into a compact linear accelerator via a mass separator.

The linear accelerator has a total length of about 10 m. It consists of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator which accelerates ions from 5 to 300 keV/u, a rebunch section, an Interdigital H-type (IH) structure that boosts the energy to 1.2 MeV/u, three seven-gap resonators which allow the variation of the final energy, and a 9-gap resonator. The final energy is variable between 0.8 and 3.0 MeV/u.

Fig 2. The REX-ISOLDE post accelerator with the Miniball

The first aim of REX-ISOLDE was to demonstrate a new concept to bunch, charge-breed and post-accelerate singly-charged, low energetic ions in an efficient way. Second, to study the structure of neutron-rich Na, Mg, K and Ca isotopes in the vicinity of the closed neutron shells N = 20 and N = 28 by Coulomb excitation and neutron transfer reactions with a highly efficient γ- and particle-detector array MINIBALL. The experiment dwells on established techniques, but represents a new way of combining these structures.  Since, 2003, the machine is fully operational and used for accelerating isotopes with masses up to A>200 for experiments in nuclear physics, astrophysics and solid state physics. A review of the machine performance can be found in ref. [6].

Fig 3. The REX-ISOLDE facility seen from above the experimental stations

Radioactive elements run in REX so far
(click on the mass for machine summary of the run):

⁸Li³⁺(2006), ^9,11Li²⁺(2004), ⁹Li²⁺(2005), ^10,11Be^3+,4+(2006), ^11,12Be^3+,4+(2005),

¹⁰C³⁺(2008), ¹⁷F⁵⁺(2004), ¹⁷F⁵⁺(2007),^24-29Na⁷⁺, ^29,31Mg⁹⁺(2006), ³⁰Mg⁹⁺(2007),

³⁰Mg⁷⁺(2008), ^30,31Mg⁹⁺(2007), ^28,30,32Mg⁸⁺, ^61,62Mn¹⁵⁺(2008), ^61,62Fe¹⁵⁺(2008),

⁶⁸Ni¹⁹⁺(2005), ⁷⁰Cu¹⁹⁺(2008),  ^67,69,71,73Cu^{19+,20+,20+,19+}(2006), ^68,69,70Cu^19+,20+,19+(2005),

^74,76,78Zn¹⁸⁺(2004), ⁸⁰Zn²¹⁺(2006), ⁷⁰Se¹⁹⁺(2005), ^88,92Kr^21+,22+, ⁹⁶Sr²³⁺(test),

⁹⁶Sr²⁷⁺(2007), ¹⁰⁸In³⁰⁺(2005), ^106,108Sn²⁶⁺(2006), ¹⁰⁸Sn²⁷⁺(2005), ¹¹⁰Sn³⁰⁺(2004),

^100,102,104Cd^24+,25+,25+(2008), ^122,124,126Cd^30-31+(2004), ^124,126Cd^30,31+(2006),

^{138,138,140,142,144}Xe³⁴⁺, ^140,142,148Ba^33+,33+,35+(2007), ¹⁴⁸Pm³⁰⁺, ¹⁵³Sm²⁸⁺, ¹⁵⁶Eu²⁸⁺,

^184,186,188Hg^43+,43+,44+(2007), ^{182,184,186,188}Hg^{44+,44+,44+,45+}(2008), ^202,204Rn⁴⁷⁺(2008)

CPH  Stands of: Creative Particle of Higgs that

Download of GSJ; 

Mar. 21, 2006:  Logical Foundation of CPH Theory [PDF]   Persian Translation
Mar. 21, 2006: English Experimental Foundation of CPH Theory [PDF]   Persian Translation
Mar. 21, 2006: English Definition, Principle and Explanation of CPH Theory [PDF]   Persian Translation
Mar. 23, 2006: English Analysis of CPH Theory [PDF]   Persian Translation
Apr. 7, 2006: English Opinions on CPH Theory [PDF]  Persian Translation
Apr. 7, 2006: English Questions and Answers on CPH Theory [PDF]  Persian Translation
Apr. 11, 2006: English Realization Hawking - End of Physics by CPH [PDF]  Persian Translation Only
Apr. 12, 2006: English Maxwell's Equations in a Gravitational Field [PDF]  Persian Translation
Apr. 17, 2006: English Effective Nuclear Charge [PDF]  Persian Translation

Contains: names, biographies and lectutures

Faster Than Light 

Before the Big Bang

Move Structure of Photon

Before the Big Bang

Move Structure of Photon

 Unification and CPH Theory [PDF] 

Strong Interaction and CPH Theory [PDF]

Summary of Physics Concepts [PDF]

Quantum Electrodynamics and CPH Theory [PDF] 

Vocabulary of CPH Theory [PDF] 

Thermodynamic Laws, Entropy and CPH Theory [PDF]

Time Function and Absolute Black Hole [PDF] 

CPH and Time [PDF]Persian Text Only

Time Function and Work Energy Theorem [PDF] Persian Text Only 

Properties of CPH [PDF]Persian Text Only 

CPH Theory and Special Relativity [PDF] Persian Text Only

CPH Theory and Newton's Second Law [PDF] Persian Text Only 

A New Mechanism of Higgs Bosons in Producing Charge Particles [PDF] Persian Text 

Logical Foundation of CPH Theory [PDF] Persian Text 

Experimental Foundation of CPH Theory [PDF] Persian Text 

Definition, Principle and Explanation of CPH Theory [PDF] Persian Text

 Analysis of CPH Theory Persian Text

Opinions on CPH Theory [PDF] Persian Text

 Questions and Answers on CPH Theory [PDF] Persian Text

 Realization Hawking - End of Physics by CPH [PDF]Persian Text Only

 Maxwell's Equations in a Gravitational Field [PDF] Persian Text

 Effective Nuclear Charge [PDF] Persian Text

 Color Charges Curve Space [PDF] Persian Text