NASA warns of 'space Katrina' radiation storm
Ill solar winds blow nobody any good
By Lewis
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A study funded by NASA has flagged up yet another terrible
hazard for those no longer able to get excited about nuclear
war, global pandemics, terrorism, climate change, economic
meltdown and asteroid strike. Top space brainboxes say that even
if the human race survives all those, there is a serious risk of
civilisation being brought crashing to its knees by a sudden
high-intensity solar radiation storm.
Beware the space equivalent of
Hurricane Katrina.
The new study, carried out for NASA by the US National Academy
of Sciences, might tickle the palate of even the most jaded
disaster connoisseur.
"Whether it is terrestrial catastrophes or extreme space weather
incidents, the results can be devastating to modern societies
that depend in a myriad of ways on advanced technological
systems," says Professor Daniel Baker of Colorado Uni, an expert
in atmospheric and space physics who led the report's authors.
In essence, the report, which can be downloaded in pdf here (free
registration required) says that sooner or later there will be a
solar storm much more powerful than any seen so far in the age
of high technology. Such events have occurred in the past, but
as the human race then had very basic electrical power grids (or
none at all) and made no use of satellites, it didn't matter.
The next space radiation biggy, however, will hit a human
civilisation which is becoming more and more dependent on
satellites for essential communication and navigation tasks, and
whose electrical grids are much more widespread and heavily
stressed. The impact of a bad geomagnetic spike would be
somewhat as though an unbelievably powerful electromagnetic
pulse bomb - of the sort favoured by movie villains but not yet
available - had gone off:
While a severe storm is a low-frequency-of-occurrence event,
it has the potential for long-duration catastrophic impacts
to the power grid and its users. Impacts would be felt on
interdependent infrastructures, with, for example, potable
water distribution affected within several hours; perishable
foods and medications lost in about 12-24 hours; and
immediate or eventual loss of heating/air conditioning,
sewage disposal, phone service, transportation, fuel
resupply, and so on ...
Open access on the transmission system has fostered the
transport of large amounts of energy across the power system
in order to maximize the economic benefit of delivering the
lowest-cost energy to areas of demand. The magnitude of
power transfers has grown, and the risk is that the
increased level of transfers, coupled with multiple
equipment failures, could worsen the impacts of a storm
event ...
In summary, present U.S. grid operational procedures ... are
unlikely to be adequate for historically large disturbance
events.
The impact on satellites would be even more severe, as
spacecraft have less shielding from the Earth's atmosphere - and
in some cases from the magnetosphere. In particular, the present
Global Positioning System (GPS) sat constellation, used by
almost every navigation system in the world, is regarded as
highly vulnerable to a solar event - though new satellites are
to go up shortly equipped with a backup signal which will allow
errors to be bowled out.
In general, however, the assembled brainboxes considered that a
solar event was a much greater threat to essential space
infrastructure than any evil foreign power - for instance -
could possibly be. The US military has previously warned of the
risk of a "space Pearl Harbour" - a devastating surprise attack
against America's space presence, which could leave the world's
sole superpower blinded and crippled. According to the National
Academy, though, the USA should forget about a space Pearl
Harbour and worry instead about "a space Katrina, a storm that
we should have been prepared for but were not".
The report mentions technological solutions to most of these
possible ills, but says that they mostly aren't in place (apart
from the GPS alterations). According to Richard Fisher, head of
NASA's Heliophysics division:
"To mitigate possible public safety issues, it is vital that we
better understand extreme space weather events caused by the
sun's activity."